The Beginning of Agriculture Essay Example for Free

The Beginning of Agriculture Essay The beginning of Agriculture was found years ago. It involves plants and animals. It was developed 10,000 years ago. At that time, people began altering plant and animal communities for benefit through fire stick farming. Humans survived as foragers or hunter gatherers, gathering wild plants and hunting animals in their environment. Agriculture has significant developments since the time of the earliest cultivation. The Fertile Crescent of Western Asia, Egypt, and India were the earliest sowing and harvesting plants. Independent agriculture happened in northern and southern China, Africas Sahel, New Guinea parts of India and several regions of the Americas. Agricultural deals with irrigation, crop rotation,fertilizers, and pesticides. They were developed a long time ago, but were made with great strides in the past. Corn, grass, tress, wild life was the key to the beginning of agricultre for the early. The wild crops including wheat, barley, and peas are traced to the Near East region. Cereals were grown in Syria as long as 9,000 years ago. Though the transition from wild harvesting was gradual, the switch from a nomadic to a settled way of life is marked by the appearance of early Neolithic villages with homes equipped with grinding stones for processing grain. The origins of rice and millet farming date to the same Neolithic period in China. In Mexico, squash cultivation began around 10,000 years ago, but corn had to wait for natural genetic mutations to be selected for in its wild ancestor, teosinteCorn later reached North America, where cultivated sunflowers also started to bloom some 5,000 years ago. This is also when potato growing in the Andes region of South America began.

Mother-Daughter Relationships in Amy Tan’s Joy Luck Club Essay

Mother-Daughter Relationships in Amy Tan’s Joy Luck Club      In the Joy Luck Club, the author Amy Tan, focuses on mother-daughter relationships. She examines the lives of four women who emigrated from China, and the lives of four of their American-born daughters. The mothers: Suyuan Woo, An-Mei Hsu, Lindo Jong, and Ying-Ying St. Clair had all experienced some life-changing horror before coming to America, and this has forever tainted their perspective on how they want their children raised. The four daughters: Waverly, Lena, Rose, and Jing-Mei are all Americans. Even though they absorb some of the traditions of Chinese culture they are raised in America and American ideals and values.   This inability to communicate and the clash between cultures create rifts between mothers and daughters.      The hardest problem communicating emerges between Suyuan and Jing-Mei.   Suyuan is a very strong woman who lost everything she ever had in China: "her mother and father, her family home, her first husband, and two daughters, twin baby girls" (141). Yet she finds the strength to move on and still retains her traditional values.   She remarries and has Jing-Mei and creates a new life for herself in America.   She is the one who brings together three other women to form the Joy Luck Club. The rift is the greatest between Suyuan and June.   Suyuan tries to force her daughter to be everything she could ever be. She sees the opportunities that America has to offer, and does not want to see her daughter throw those opportunities away.   She wants the best for her daughter, and does not want Jing-Mei to ever let go of something she wants because it is too hard to achieve.   "America is where all my mother's hopes lay. . .There were so many ways for ... ...ght to America" (31).   The trip she makes finally helps her to understand just where her mother was coming from, why she was the way she was, and she began to forgive her for all the misunderstandings they had. The rifts between mothers and daughters continue to separate them, but as the daughters get older they become more tolerant of their mothers.   They learn they do not know everything about their mothers, and the courage their mothers showed during their lives is astounding.   As they get older they learn they do not know everything, and that their mothers can still teach them much about life.   They grow closer to their mothers and learn to be proud of their heritage and their culture.   They acquire the wisdom of understanding, and that is the finest feeling to have in the world. WORKS CITED    Tan, Amy. The Joy Luck Club. New York: Random House, 1989.

Correlation Paper Essay

Correlation Correlations measure the relationship between two variables. Establishing correlations allows researchers to make predictions that increase the knowledge base. Different methods that establish correlations are used in different situations. Each method has advantages and disadvantages that provide researchers information that is used to understand, rank, and visually illustrate how variables are related. The Pearson’s, Spearman, Kendall Rank, and positive and negative correlation are methods used to establish a correlation between variables. The Pearson method is a simple linear correlation used or illustrate how strong of a relationship two variables have. The Spearman method ranks data by order or name and is often used because the equation is simpler than Pearson’s. The Kendall Rank method measures the strength of dependence between two sets of random variables. Depending on the use of the information will determine the best method for the research project. Each metho d has advantages and disadvantages. The research project and individual researcher weigh out the positive and negatives in order to determine the best method. It is agreed that the Pearson’s method is easy to understand and illustrates the strength of the correlation. A prominent disadvantage is there can be confusion because it may be assumed that correlation establishes causation. The Spearman advantage is it can rank order or name data in various ways, depending on the data collected. The disadvantage discussed is there may be a focus on ranking and not on the information that creates the rank. The positive and negative correlation method has the advantage that a lot of variables and situations can be used. Variables can be studied using this method that experiments cannot be conducted on. The clear disadvantage discussed is that no cause and effect relationship can be assumed. Another discussed disadvantage of this method is that it does not account for other variables th at may contribute to studied variables. Information reveals creating  correlations in research using the Pearson method would be useful in domestic violence because it is a method that is easy to understand. The Spearman method that ranks data was discussed to be useful in the area of ranking of comfort qualities provided by hospice and GPA or SAT rankings. The Kendal Rank method measures strengths of dependence between two sets of variables like GPA and job performance in the degree field. Discussion about reading proficiency in children was an example that would utilize the positive and negative method the best. As determined correlation determines the relationship between two variables and is used to make predictions in research. Each method has clear advantages and disadvantages, but it is agreed that the easier the method is to understand the more useful it is. One key point that causes confusion is the relationship between correlation and causation. It was determined that to avoid the error that a cause can be assumed based on a correlation attention must be paid to the specific method. Not every method is designed to illustrate cause and affect relationships. References Ling, R. F. (1982). Reviewed work (s): Correlation and Causation. by David A. Kenny Source: Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 77, No. 378,(Jun., 1982), pp. 489-491 Published by: American Statistical Association. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 77(378), 489. Wright, S. (1921). Correlation and causation. Journal of agricultural research, 20(7), 557-585.

Tattoos, Red Ink, and Sensitivity Reactions

If you have a red tattoo, youre more likely to experience a reaction than if you went with another color. Heres an e-mail I received about tattoo inks:Does all red ink have nickel in it? I was told by the tattoo artist that if I cant wear inexpensive jewelry I should not use red ink in a tattoo. I cannot. Whatever metal or whatever is in the ink would cause the same reaction I get to inexpensive jewelry. That would cause a problem. She will not use it on me. Would this be the same for pink or orange or any color with any amount of red in it? Someone else who has had numerous tattoos told me they never heard of that and she reacts to inexpensive jewelry.My response:Id trust the tattoo artist over someone who has numerous tattoos, since she is more likely to know the composition of the ink and whether or not her clients have had trouble with a particular color. Another artist might offer different advice and may use an ink with a different chemical composition. Key Takeaways: Reactions to Red Tattoo Ink Any tattoo ink has the potential to cause a reaction. The risk derives from any of a number of components in the ink, including the pigment, the carrier, and chemicals added to keep the suspension sterile.Red and black inks produce the highest reported number of reactions. The pigment in these inks may be linked to problems.The most toxic red pigment, cinnabar (HgS), is a mercury compound. Its use has largely been phased out.Organic pigments are less likely to cause reactions or interfere with medical diagnostic tests. However, they degrade over time. Some molecules produced from degradation include carcinogens. Why Red Tattoo Ink Causes Reactions The issue with the color red is the chemical composition of the ink. In particular, it has to do with the nature of the pigment used for the color. The carrier for the ink (the fluid part) may also play a part, but it is more likely to be common to other colors. Some reds contain iron. Iron oxide is a red pigment. Basically, its powdered rust. While it may not cause a reaction, its a rusty-red rather than a vivid red. Iron oxide inks (which also include some brown inks) may react to the magnets in an MRI scan. Small particles, particularly in red and black inks, have been known to migrate from the site of the tattoo to the lymph nodes. Not only can migrated pigment molecules cause health issues, but they may also appear abnormal on medical diagnostic tests. In one case, a woman with extensive tattoos had 40 lymph nodes removed because a PET-CT scan mistakenly identified the migrated tattoo pigment as malignant cells. Brighter red pigments include toxic metals, such as cadmium or mercury. Fortunately, the mercury sulfide red pigment, called cinnabar, has been largely phased out of ink formulations. Cadmium red (CdSe) remains in use and may cause redness, itching, flaking, and other problems. Organic pigments cause fewer reactions than the metal-based reds. These include the azo pigments, such as Solvent Red 1. Solvent Red 1 does not cause as many issues as iron, cadmium, or mercury reds, but it can degrade into o-anisidine, a potential carcinogen. Degradation occurs over time from ultraviolet light exposure (from sunlight, tanning beds, or other sources) or from bacterial action. Azo pigments like Red Solvent 1 also degrade when a tattoo is removed using a laser. While red ink is well-known for causing sensitivity reactions there are other colors made by mixing red. The more dilute the pigment (like in orange or pink) the lower the chance of a reaction from the red component, yet the risk is still present. Sources Engel, E.; Santarelli, F.; Vasold. R., et al. (2008). Modern tattoos cause high concentrations of hazardous pigments in skin. Contact Dermatitis. 58 (4): 228–33. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2007.01301.xEverts, Sarah (2016). What chemicals are in your tattoo? CEN Volume 94, Issue 33, p. 24–26.MÃ ¶hrenschlager M, Worret WI, KÃ ¶hn FM (2006). Tattoos and permanent make-up: background and complications. (in German) MMW Fortschr Med. 148 (41): 34–6. doi:10.1007/bf03364782Thompson, Elizabeth Chabner (July 2015). Tattoo Ink or Cancer Cells?. Huffington Post.